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1.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1526661

ABSTRACT

O consumo de psicoestimulantes tem crescido exponencialmente, sobretudo entre estudantes de medicina, na busca por aumentar o rendimento acadêmico. Atualmente, a extensa carga horária de aulas e estudos, exigências de produtividade e altos níveis de estresse podem desencadear o uso. Objetivo: Analisar o uso de psicoestimulantes por estudantes do curso de Medicina de um Centro Universitário privado em Minas Gerais. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, quantitativo, com delineamento transversal entre os discentes do 1° ao 5° ano do curso de Medicina no 2° semestre de 2021. Os participantes responderam ao questionário semi-estruturado elaborado pelos autores. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados no software Statistical Product and Service Solutions. Resultados: Dos 244 entrevistados, cerca de 57.4% faziam uso de algum psicoestimulante. Houve maior uso entre os estudantes do 2° ano e as principais substâncias utilizadas foram: cafeína (85%), energético (65%) e metilfenidato (60%). A melhora na concentração (97%) foi o efeito mais percebido pelos usuários, seguido de redução do sono (83%) e melhora de raciocínio (80%). Muitos consideraram que os estimulantes cerebrais têm o potencial de melhorar o rendimento acadêmico, mas pode reduzir a qualidade do sono e consequentemente torná-los susceptíveis a outras enfermidades. Conclusão: É notável que existe uso abusivo de estimulantes cerebrais, sendo fundamental o trabalho em conjunto entre instituição de ensino e familiares, em prol da prevenção e do controle de danos causados por esse hábito


The consumption of psychostimulants has grown exponentially, especially among medical students, in the quest to increase academic performance. Currently, the extensive workload of classes and studies, productivity demands and high levels of stress can trigger use. Objective: To analyze the use of psychostimulants by medical students at a private University Center in Minas Gerais. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out among students from the 1st to the 5th year of the medicine course in the 2nd semester of 2021. The participants answered the semi-structured questionnaire prepared by the authors. The data obtained were tabulated in the Statistical Product and Service Solutions software. Results: Of the 244 respondents, about 57.4% used some psychostimulant. There was greater use among 2nd year students and the main substances used were: caffeine (85%), energy drink (65%) and methylphenidate (60%). Improved concentration (97%) was the effect most perceived by users, followed by reduced sleep (83%) and improved thinking (80%). Many considered that brain stimulants have the potential to improve academic performance, but can reduce sleep quality and consequently make them susceptible to other illnesses. Conclusion: It is notable that there is abusive use of brain stimulants, and it is essential to work together between educational institutions and family members in order to prevent and control the damage caused by this habit


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Medical , Academic Performance , Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects , Attention/drug effects , Caffeine/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking , Paullinia/adverse effects , Energy Drinks/adverse effects , Amphetamines/adverse effects , Methylphenidate/adverse effects
2.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 18(5): 459-479, sept. 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1008268

ABSTRACT

Neuronal cell damage is often caused by prolonged misuse of Methylphenidate (MPH). Topiramate (TPM) carries neuroprotective properties but its assumed mechanism remains unclear. The present study evaluates in vivo role of various doses of TPM and its mechanism against MPH-induced motor activity and related behavior disorder. Thus, we used domoic acid (DOM), bicuculline (BIC), Ketamine (KET), Yohimibine (YOH) and Haloperidole (HAL) as AMPA/kainite, GABAA, NMDA, ɑ2 adrenergic and D2 of dopamine receptor antagonists respectively. Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Forced Swim Test (FST) were used to study motor activity, anxiety and depression level. TPM (100 and 120 mg/kg) reduced MPH-induced rise and inhibited MPH-induced promotion in motor activity disturbance, anxiety and depression. Pretreatment of animals with KET, HAL, YOH and BIC inhibited TPM- improves anxiety and depression through the interacting with Dopaminergic, GABAA, NMDA and ɑ2-adrenergic receptors.


El daño a las células neuronales a menudo es causado por el uso prolongado de metilfenidato (MPH). El topiramato (TPM) tiene propiedades neuroprotectoras, pero su mecanismo de acción no es claro. El presente estudio evalúa el papel in vivo de varias dosis de TPM y su mecanismo contra la actividad motora inducida por MPH y el trastorno de comportamiento relacionado. Utilizamos ácido domoico (DOM), bicuculina (BIC), ketamina (KET), yohimbina (YOH) y haloperidol (HAL), así como antagonistas AMPA/kainato, GABAA, NMDA, ɑ2-adrenérgico y D2 dopaminérgicos, respectivamente. Se utilizaron las pruebas de campo abierto (OFT), elevación de laberinto (EPM) y natación forzada (FST) para estudiar la actividad motora, la ansiedad y el nivel de depresión. El TPM (100 y 120 mg/kg) redujo el aumento inducido por MPH e inhibió la promoción inducida por MPH en la alteración de la actividad motora, la ansiedad y la depresión. El tratamiento previo de animales con KET, HAL, YOH y BIC inhibió el TPM, mejora la ansiedad y la depresión a través de la interacción con los receptores dopaminérgicos, GABAA, NMDA y ɑ2-adrenérgico.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Topiramate/pharmacology , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Rats, Wistar , Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism , Mental Disorders/chemically induced , Motor Activity/drug effects
3.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 22(3): 220-224, July-Sept. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975592

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction There has been a sudden idiopathic hearing loss case presented after methylphenidate treatment in a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective This study was performed to reveal the probable ototoxic side effects of methylphenidate use in patients with ADHD. Methods Thirty pediatric patients with ADHD were included in the study. Pure tone audiometry, speech discrimination scores, waves I, III, V absolute latencies and waves IIII, I-V, III-V interpeak latencies at the 80 dB nHL intensity after click stimulus auditory brainstem response (ABR) results were compared before and 3 months after methylphenidate treatment. Results There were no statistically significant difference between pretreatment and posttreatment pure tone and speech audiometry findings and ABR results (p > 0.05 for all parameters). Conclusion Methylphenidate can be regarded as a safe drug regarding ototoxic side effects. Additional studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up may be needed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Hearing Loss/chemically induced , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Audiometry, Evoked Response , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Audiometry, Speech , Hearing/drug effects
4.
Rev. Asoc. Argent. Ortop. Traumatol ; 83(1): 45-49, mar. 2018. []
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-896289

ABSTRACT

Las fracturas por estrés afectan, con mayor frecuencia, a personas físicamente activas con hueso normal y son infrecuentes en los niños con placa de crecimiento abierta. Aun más infrecuentes son las fracturas por estrés del cuello femoral en la población pediátrica. Sin embargo, constituyen entidades muy importantes debido al riesgo de complicaciones graves, como la necrosis avascular. Se describe el caso de una niña de 7 años medicada con metilfenidato que sufrió una fractura por estrés del cuello del fémur atípica. La paciente consulta por dolor inguinal derecho sin limitaciones en las actividades cotidianas. La radiografía muestra una fractura por estrés del cuello del fémur, que se confirma con tomografía. Se instaura un tratamiento conservador, y la paciente está asintomática a las cuatro semanas. Este caso representa una alerta sobre esta infrecuente entidad en la que podrían presentarse errores diagnósticos. Investigaciones recientes también sugieren la posible participación de fármacos, como el metilfenidato, en la desmineralización ósea, que podría constituir un posible factor de riesgo de fractura. Nivel de Evidencia: IV


Stress fractures most commonly affect physically active individuals with normal bone, and they are rare in children with open growth plates. Even rarer are femoral neck stress fractures in pediatric age. Nevertheless, they constitute a very important entity due to the risk of severe complications, such as avascular necrosis. A seven-year-old girl, treated with methylphenidate, who suffered an atypical femoral neck stress fracture is presented. Patient complained of right inguinal pain without daily life activity limitations. The radiograph showed a stress femoral neck fracture, confirmed by CT imaging. Conservative treatment was instituted and the patient became asymptomatic after 4 weeks. This case report alerts the clinicians about this rare entity that might be misdiagnosed. Recent research also suggests a possible involvement of drugs, such as methylphenidate, in bone demineralization, which might constitute a possible risk factor for fractures. Level of Evidence: IV


Subject(s)
Child , Fractures, Stress/diagnosis , Fractures, Stress/therapy , Femoral Neck Fractures/diagnosis , Femoral Neck Fractures/therapy , Femoral Neck Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Methylphenidate/adverse effects
6.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 37(3): 107-117, jul. set. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764668

ABSTRACT

Introduction:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric pathology that has an important prevalence among young people and is difficult to diagnose. It is usually treated with methylphenidate, a psychostimulant with a mechanism of action similar to that of cocaine. Previous studies show that repeated use of psychostimulants during childhood or adolescence may sensitize subjects, making them more prone to later abuse of psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine.Objective: To review experimental studies in non-human models (rodents and monkeys) treated with methylphenidate during infancy or adolescence and tested for reinforcing effects on psychostimulant drugs in adulthood.Method: Systematic collection of data was performed on four databases (Web of Knowledge, PsycARTICLE, PubMed and SciELO). The initial search identified 202 articles published from 2009 to 2014, which were screened for eligibility. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in this study.Results: The findings indicate that early exposure to methylphenidate has an effect on an ADHD animal model, specifically, on spontaneously hypertensive strain rats, especially those tested using the self-administration paradigm.Conclusion:Future studies should prioritize the spontaneously hypertensive rat strain - an animal model of ADHD. Experimental designs comparing different behavioral paradigms and modes of administration using this strain could lead to improved understanding of the effects of exposure to methylphenidate during childhood and adolescence.


Introdução: O transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) é uma patologia neuropsiquiátrica de difícil diagnóstico e de relevante prevalência entre pessoas jovens. É comumente tratada com metilfenidato, uma substância psicoestimulante com mecanismo de ação similar ao da cocaína. Estudos prévios demonstram que o uso contínuo de fármacos estimulantes na infância ou adolescência pode sensibilizar o sujeito para o subsequente abuso de drogas psicoestimulantes, como cocaína e metanfetamina.Objetivo:Revisar estudos experimentais em modelos não humanos (roedores e macacos) tratados com metilfenidato na infância ou na adolescência e testados para os efeitos reforçadores de drogas psicoestimulantes na vida adulta.Método: A coleta sistemática dos dados foi realizada em quatro bases de dados (Web of Knowledge, PsycARTICLE, PubMed e SciELO). Na busca inicial, 202 artigos publicados entre 2009 e 2014 foram triados. Destes, sete preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram revisados neste estudo.Resultados:Os dados indicam um efeito da pré-exposição ao metilfenidato sobre o TDAH em animais adolescentes da linhagem do rato espontaneamente hipertensivo (spontaneously hypertensive strain, SHR). Esse efeito foi encontrado, sobretudo, nos estudos que utilizaram o paradigma de autoadministração.Conclusão: Estudos futuros devem priorizar a linhagem dos SHR - modelo animal do TDAH. Delineamentos que comparem diferentes paradigmas comportamentais e formas de administração utilizando essa linhagem podem prover uma melhor compreensão do efeito da exposição ao metilfenidato na infância e adolescência.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology , Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage , Methylphenidate/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects , Methylphenidate/adverse effects
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 54(3): 262-268, Apr.-Mar. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-547553

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo avaliou a influência de drogas estimulantes usadas no déficit de atenção e hiperatividade no crescimento estatural. Os autores procederam a uma revisão de literatura coletando artigos publicados sobre déficit de atenção e hiperatividade e sua relação com a baixa estatura. A fonte consultada foi o PubMed e o tópico levantado foi "Crescimento e Metilfenidato"/"Déficit de atenção e hiperatividade versus baixa estatura"/"Metilfenidato e distúrbios de crescimento". Os transtornos de atenção e hiperatividade constituem-se em situações clínicas difíceis, por interferir no bem-estar da criança e no seu relacionamento social, com prejuízos de seu desenvolvimento escolar. Uma vez feito o diagnóstico, as medicações estimulantes como o metilfenidato têm papel primordial no tratamento, mas muito se teme com relação a certos efeitos colaterais, particularmente a perda de peso e a perda estatural. Revisou-se uma série de publicações a respeito e pôde-se verificar que não há consenso sobre tais efeitos colaterais, mas que, mesmo quando ocorrem, não são suficientemente intensos para impedir o tratamento. Um julgamento da relação custo-benefício da medicação é sempre apropriado, mas os benefícios obtidos com a medicação e com a melhora do rendimento escolar e das relações sociais da criança não devem ser esquecidos. Uma cuidadosa monitorização da curva pondoestatural permite que o médico vigie com segurança o tratamento prescrito e possa tomar decisões se julgar que o prejuízo estatural compromete o bem-estar do paciente.


The current study evaluated the influence of stimulant drugs used for attention deficit and hyperactivity (ADH) on statural growth. The authors conducted a literature review collecting published articles on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its relationship with short stature. The source of information was the PubMed database where the following terms were researched: "Growth and Methylphenidate"/"Attention deficit and hyperactivity versus short stature"/"Methylphenidate and growth disorders". ADH are difficult clinical situations that interfere with the patient's well-being and social and school performance. Once the diagnosis is attained stimulant medications such as methylphenidate have a key role in the treatment but there are concerns regarding their interference in growth and weight gain. We reviewed many publications regarding these side effects and there is no consensus on them; however, even when they happen to occur their intensity is not sufficient to preclude the use of the medication. We have to take into consideration the cost/benefit relationship, remembering that improvement in school and social performance are very welcome to the child and family. Careful monitoring of the growth chart can detect worsening of growth and its intensity will determine if the drug shall or shall not be interrupted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Growth/drug effects , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects
8.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(1): 107-114, Feb. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-541199

ABSTRACT

The association between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy can cause significant impact on the social life of affected individuals and their families. Clinical studies suggest that 30-40 percent of people with epilepsy also have ADHD. There are no studies which demonstrate that short or long-term treatment with methylphenidate increases the risk of seizures. Some studies attempt to relate drug interactions between methylphenidate and antiepileptic drugs, but adverse effects of methylphenidate have not been shown clearly. This review presents some neurobiological and physiopathogenic aspects, common to ADHD and epilepsy, from recent research studies, related to pharmacology, neuroimaging and electroencephalography. Possible risk of occurrence of seizures associated with the use of methylphenidate are also discussed.


A associação entre transtorno de déficit de atenção / hiperatividade (TDAH) e epilepsia pode causar importante impacto na vida social dos indivíduos afetados e seus familiares. Estudos clínicos sugerem que 30-40 por cento das pessoas com epilepsia também apresentam TDAH. Não existem publicações que evidenciem que o tratamento a curto ou longo prazo com metilfenidato aumente o risco de ocorrência de crises epilépticas, e alguns estudos procuram relacionar as interações medicamentosas entre o metilfenidato e as drogas antiepilépticas, porém não foram demonstrados os possíveis efeitos do metilfenidato de uma maneira clara. Apresenta-se a seguir, revisão sobre os aspectos neurobiológicos e fisiopatogênicos comuns ao TDAH e epilepsia, a partir de pesquisas recentes relacionadas a estudos de farmacologia, neuroimagem e eletroencefalografia, e discuti-se os possíveis riscos da ocorrência de crises epilépticas associadas ao uso de metilfenidato.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use , Epilepsy/complications , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects , Electroencephalography , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Seizures/chemically induced
10.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2009. 126 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-517630

ABSTRACT

A Ritalina, nome comercial do metilfenidato, tem sido cada vez mais produzida e consumida no Brasil. Somente entre 2002 e 2006, produção brasileira de metilfenidato, cresceu 465 por cento. Sua vinculação ao diagnóstico de TDAH tem sido fator predominante de justificativa para tal crescimento. Entretanto, os discursos que circulam em torno do tema e legitimam seu uso também contribuem para o avanço nas vendas. Estes discursos não estão despojados de atravessamentos sociais e são o objeto de estudo desta pesquisa. Este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma análise das publicações brasileiras sobre os usos da Ritalina, de 1998, ano em que o medicamento foi autorizado no Brasil, até 2008. Para tanto, realizamos uma busca em todos os periódicos de psiquiatria brasileiros indexados na base Scielo, assim como nos jornais e revistas direcionados para o público em geral com maior tiragem. Em nossa análise, discutimos quais pontos são priorizados e quais são omitidos nos discursos sobre o metilfenidato no Brasil, e quais são seus possíveis efeitos na prática clínica com o paciente. Além disso, as diferenças nas prioridades de informações encontradas nos dois tipos de publicação, leiga e científica, também são discutidas neste trabalho.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Evaluation , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Methylphenidate , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/prevention & control , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Brazil/ethnology , Periodical , Psychiatry , Scientific Communication and Diffusion
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 41(3): 250-257, Mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476579

ABSTRACT

Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a long-acting formulation of methylphenidate (MPH-SODAS) on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in an outpatient sample of adolescents with ADHD and substance use disorders (SUD). Secondary goals were to evaluate the tolerability and impact on drug use of MPH-SODAS. This was a 6-week, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study assessing efficacy of escalated doses of MPH-SODAS on ADHD symptoms in 16 adolescents with ADHD/SUD. Participants were randomly allocated to either group A (weeks 1-3 on MPH-SODAS, weeks 4-6 on placebo) or group B (reverse order). The primary outcome measures were the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale, version IV (SNAP-IV) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). We also evaluated the adverse effects of MPH-SODAS using the Barkley Side Effect Rating Scale and subject reports of drug use during the study. The sample consisted of marijuana (N = 16; 100 percent) and cocaine users (N = 7; 43.8 percent). Subjects had a significantly greater reduction in SNAP-IV and CGI scores (P < 0.001 for all analyses) during MPH-SODAS treatment compared to placebo. No significant effects for period or sequence were found in analyses with the SNAP-IV and CGI scales. There was no significant effect on drug use. MPH-SODAS was well tolerated but was associated with more severe appetite reduction than placebo (P < 0.001). MPH-SODAS was more effective than placebo in reducing ADHD symptoms in a non-abstinent outpatient sample of adolescents with comorbid SUD. Randomized clinical trials, with larger samples and SUD intervention, are recommended.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Cross-Over Studies , Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Single-Blind Method , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Treatment Outcome
12.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 79(4): 277-283, 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567087

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el metilfenidato es el psicofármaco recomendado para el tratamiento del trastorno por déficit atencional e hiperactividad (TDAH), la alteración del comportamiento más frecuente en niños. En las farmacias del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR) y del Hospital Vilardebó (HV), responsables de la dispensación de metilfenidato a los beneficiarios de los servicios dependientes de la Administración de Servicios de Salud del Estado (ASSE), ésta se duplicó entre 2001 y 2006. A nivel internacional, recientemente se ha advertido sobre la aparición de reacciones adversas graves. Objetivo: describir el uso de metilfenidato en una población de niños beneficiarios del sector público de salud de Montevideo. Metodología: se identificaron los niños de 6 a 14 años que retiraron metilfenidato de las farmacias del CHPR y del HV, entre setiembre y diciembre de 2006. En base al número de niños potenciales usuarios de ASSE de Montevideo y la frecuencia estimada de la enfermedad (5%) se determinó el tamaño muestral en 114 (IC95%; imprecisión 3%). Se realizó una encuesta telefónica a los padres y/o tutores del niño en la que se analizó: indicación; prescripción; reacciones adversas; beneficio terapéutico. La calidad de la prescripción se evaluó mediante las Recomendaciones de la Academia Americana de Pediatría del año 2001.Resultados: se realizaron 124 encuestas. La edad media de los niños fue 10 años; 77% varones. El 93,5% (n=116) cumplía con los criterios diagnósticos de TDAH del DSM IV. La dosis media utilizada fue 12,9 mg. El 64,5% de los niños recibía el medicamento una vez al día, 27,4% dos veces/día, 5,6% tres veces/día y uno cuatro veces/día. El 85,5% recibía el medicamento antes de ir a la escuela. El 84,6% de los padres notaron beneficio terapéutico; el 56% de éstos recibía otro psicofármaco. En el 59,7% se comunicó una o más posibles reacciones adversas. Las más frecuentes fueron cefalea (29%), disminución del apetito (25%)...


Introduction: methylphenidate is used in the treatment of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common behavioral disorder in children. Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR) and Hospital Vilardebó (HV) pharmacies are responsibles of dispensation of methylphenidate to the users of services of Administración de Servicios de Salud del Estado (ASSE). Dispensation has increased two folders between 2001 and 2006. International advertistments about severe adverse reactions have alredy appeared.Objective: to describe methylphenidate use in a children population users of public health system of Montevideo.Methodology: children between 6 and 14 years old who obtain methylphenidate from Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR) and Hospital Vilardebó (HV) pharmacies bewteen september and december 2006 were identified and included in the study. Sample was calculated taking into account number of children assisted by ASSE in Montevideo and estimated frequency of ADHD (5%). Sample size calculated was 114 (IC95%; imprecision 3%). Telephone interviews were done to children’s parents and/or tutors to ask about: indication, prescription, adverse reactions, and therapeutics benefits. Quality of prescription was evaluated using the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations published in 2001.Results: 124 interviews were done. Mean age was 10 years old; 77% were male. 93,5% (n=116) met criteria of DSM IV for ADHD diagnosis. Mean dose was 12,9 mg. 64,5% of children received methylphenidate once daily , 27,4% twice daily, 5,6% three times daily and one child four times daily. 85,5% received methylphenidate before go to school. 84,6% of parents referred therapeutics benefits, 56% of these ones were receiving another psychotropic medication. 59,7% refered one or more posible adverse reactions. More frequents adverse reactions weree headache (29%), anorexia (25%) and abdominal pain (24,2%). ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Child , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Uruguay
13.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 56(supl.1): 53-56, 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-465466

ABSTRACT

O tratamento farmacológico do transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH) em adultos inclui o uso de psicoestimulantes, antidepressivos e atomoxetina, sendo o primeiro considerado a indicação de primeira escolha. A eficácia do metilfenidato foi demonstrada em adultos quando se empregavam doses maiores, proporcionalmente similares àquelas usadas em estudos em crianças. O perfil de eventos adversos do metilfenidato, incluindo aqueles relativos ao sistema cardiovascular, parece bastante seguro.


Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adulthood includes psychostimulants, antidepressants and atomoxetine, the first of them being considered the first choice. Methylphenidate efficacy has been demonstrated in adults when higher doses were used, in a proportionate similar way to what has been described in children. Methylphenidate profile of adverse events, including cardiovascular ones, seems to be safe.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Comorbidity , Methylphenidate/administration & dosage , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Brazil , Treatment Outcome
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 54(1): 25-9, mar. 1996. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-164049

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam os resultados do tratamento com metilfenidato usado em 24 crianças com diagnóstico de distúrbio do déficit de atençao realizado com base nos critérios expostos no DSM-III. A dose utilizada foi de 5 a 10 mg ao dia, dividida em uma ou duas tomadas. Resposta satisfatória ao tratamento foi encontrada em 79,1 por cento dos pacientes e insatisfatória em 16,6 por cento. Em um caso o resultado nao pode ser avaliado pela necessidade de interrupçao precoce do tratamento. Efeitos colaterais ocorreram em duas crianças (cefaléia e/ou náusea). Os resultados terapêuticos e os efeitos colaterais indesejáveis sao comparados com os da literatura, ressaltando-se a eficácia e a segurança do tratamento com metilfenidato.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Methylphenidate/administration & dosage , Methylphenidate/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
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